Products Description
Ammonium chloride, commonly called sal ammoniac and nicknamed “chloramine”, has the chemical formula NH₄Cl. It exists as colourless cubic crystals or crystalline powder, presenting a salty, slightly bitter flavour and categorised as an acid‑type salt. It possesses a relative density of 1.527, dissolves in water, ethanol and liquid ammonia, while being insoluble in acetone and ethyl vinyl ether.
Its aqueous solution exhibits weak acidity, and acidity increases further with rising temperature. Noticeable volatilization takes place at 100 °C; at 337.8 °C, ammonium chloride dissociates into ammonia and hydrogen‑chloride gas. Upon cooling, these two gaseous substances recombine to generate fine ammonium‑chloride particles, forming persistent white fumes that are barely precipitated. The compound sublimes at 350 °C and reaches its boiling point at 520 °C.
Ammonium chloride features low inherent hygroscopicity, yet it may take up moisture and cake under humid‑rainy ambient conditions. It exerts corrosive effects on ferrous metals and other metallic materials, with particularly strong corrosion towards copper, whereas it shows no corrosion impact on cast iron.
Industrially, ammonium chloride can be obtained from the neutralisation reaction between ammonia and hydrogen‑chloride gas or hydrochloric acid (reaction equation: NH₃ + HCl → NH₄Cl). Under heating conditions, it decomposes into ammonia and hydrogen chloride (reaction equation: NH₄Cl → NH₃ + HCl). This decomposition reaction proceeds irreversibly toward product‑side only within an open‑air system.
Products Chemical Properties
| Melting point | 340 °C (subl.) (lit.) |
| Boiling point | 100 °C750 mm Hg |
| density | 1.52 |
| bulk density | 600-900kg/m3 |
| vapor density | 1.9 (vs air) |
| vapor pressure | 1 mm Hg ( 160.4 °C) |
| refractive index | 1.642 |
| FEMA | 4494 | AMMONIA (ALSO INCLUDES AMMONIUM CHLORIDE) |
| storage temp. | Store at +5°C to +30°C. |
| solubility | H2O: 1 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless |
| form | Solid |
| pka | 9.25[at 20 ℃] |
| Specific Gravity | 1.53 |
| color | White |
| PH | 4.7 (200g/l, H2O, 25℃)(External MSDS) |
| Odor | odorless |
| Odor Type | ammoniacal |
| Water Solubility | soluble |
| Sensitive | Hygroscopic |
| λmax | λ: 260 nm Amax: ≤0.021 λ: 280 nm Amax: ≤0.019 |
| Merck | 14,509 |
| BRN | 4371014 |
| Exposure limits | ACGIH: TWA 10 mg/m3; STEL 20 mg/m3 NIOSH: TWA 10 mg/m3; STEL 20 mg/m3 |
| Dielectric constant | 7（0.0℃） |
| Stability: | Stable. Incompatible with strong acids, strong bases. |
| CAS DataBase Reference | 12125-02-9(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| NIST Chemistry Reference | Ammonium chloride(12125-02-9) |
| EPA Substance Registry System | Ammonium chloride (12125-02-9) |
Safety Information
| Hazard Codes | Xn |
| Risk Statements | 22-36-41-37/38 |
| Safety Statements | 22-36-26 |
| RIDADR | UN 3077 9 / PGIII |
| OEB | B |
| OEL | TWA: 10 mg/m3, STEL: 20 mg/m3 |
| WGK Germany | 1 |
| RTECS | BP4550000 |
| Autoignition Temperature | >400 °C |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HazardClass | 9 |
| PackingGroup | III |
| HS Code | 28271000 |
| Hazardous Substances Data | 12125-02-9(Hazardous Substances Data) |
| Toxicity | LD50 in rats (mg/kg): 30 i.m. (Boyd, Seymour); LD50 in rats (mg/kg): 1650 orally (Smeets) |
Product Application
Ammonium chloride finds major applications in the manufacture of dry‑cell batteries and storage batteries. It also serves as a raw material for producing various ammonium salts, and is widely deployed across tanning, electroplating, pharmaceutical, photographic, electrode and adhesive‑making industries.
Additionally, ammonium chloride functions as a usable nitrogen‑based chemical fertilizer with a nitrogen content ranging from 24 % to 25 %. Classified as a physiologically acidic fertilizer, it fits well for crops including wheat, rice, corn and rapeseed. For cotton, linen and similar fibre crops, it helps strengthen fibre toughness and tensile strength so as to boost crop quality. Nevertheless, given its inherent chemical properties, improper application may trigger adverse impacts on soil and crop growth.
Company Profile
Furuida (Jinan) Chemical Technology Co., Ltd. — Shandong, China — integrated R&D, production, sales, and global services for fine chemicals and new chemical materials. Guided by integrity, quality, and customer-first service, and driven by innovation, strict quality management, internationalization, higher operational standards, and brand building.
Supported by an experienced foreign trade and technical support team, a mature global supply network, and resilient supply chain.
Annual sales: over RMB 600 million.
Clients: 5,000+ industrial clients.
Markets: Asia, Europe, Africa, Oceania.
Products: pharmaceutical intermediates and raw materials, food additives, electroplating chemicals, water treatment agents, dye auxiliaries, functional materials, titanium compounds, metal salts, catalysts, surfactants.
Applications: pharmaceuticals, electronics, coatings, rubber and plastics, fine chemicals, water treatment.
Commitment: reliable, cost-effective chemical solutions and comprehensive one-stop services.
